History of the Army of Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Emblem Colours (Flag)
Sleeve patches MY UNIT - MY LOVE!!!
1.The begining in 1992 - not every ARBiH man carries a gun or has a proper uniform, but hero everyone! )))
2.Fighting back for the first time - most men look like everything but soldiers, many - like sheet (((
Tough warriors - urban & peasant )))
1. Commander-in-chief President Alija Izetbegovic with the field oficers
2. Field oficers without Alija Izetbegovic: no rank insignia - no present for the Serb snipers!
Mountain patrol, 1994 - me first on the right in the second pic, so young n still smoking )))
Fighting in trenches
Home-made APC's of ARBiH - improvised armoured force which was widely used with quite limited results
Some of few US-built M60 tanks imported in Boshia-Herzegovina during the war. They have seen a lot of action and, sometimes, considerable success. These shown in the first pic have survived the conflict!
1.Burial of KIA's. Unfortunately ARBiH often suffered heavy casualties.
2.Two unlucky men captured by Serbs - their future known but to God (((
Some of the knocked out Serb tanks - during the war we managed to destroy quite a plenty of them, mostly by RPG's and light AT artillery.
Victory parade under the colours, 1995
7-th Muslim Bgd of ARBiH on parade in the towne of Zenica; it looks better than on the battlefield)))
Net finding of a sweet couple from the Bosnian war; impossible to identify wether it is ours or Serb))) Anyway THE LOVE VINS!!!
This section will talk about the history of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina that existed from 1992 to 1998, when it was formed into two armies of the two entities from 1998 to 2005 and transformed finally into the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina (OSBIH).
History
Territorial Defence
In 1988 The Yugoslav Army had placed the Bosnian provincial Territorial Defence Force under 1 Military District (Belgrade), and reduced its strength two-thirds to 86,362 in Dec 1991. The the Bosnian TO was gained control by the Bosnian-Serb SDS party in the coalition government. On December 19th 1990 Alija Izetbegovic and the SDA party alarmed by the SDS's secessionists attitudes discussed forming an independent Bosnian army later Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In March 1991 Sefer Halilović formed the Patriotic League (Patriotska Liga - PL) as an independent Bosnian army, with the same territorial organization as the TO.
On 1 November 1991 the JNA, Bosnian-Serb and Serbian paramilitary militias began attacking Bosnian-Muslim and Bosnian-Croat towns and villages the first ones being Sarajevo by the JNA and Bijeljina by paramilitary forces. On April 4th Alija Izetbegovic ordered general mobilization: and on 8 April he transformed the Sarajevo TO command into GHQ of the Teritorijalna Odbrana Republike Bosne i Hercegovine (Territorial Defence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina) (TORBIH), appointing the Bosnian-Muslim Colonel Hasan Efendić as commander of the army, Colonel Stjepan Šiber, a Bosnian-Croat, became chief-of-staff, and Colonel Jovan Divjak, a Bosnian-Serb, his deputy. The TO was formally established on 15 April when all Patriotic League units joined the force. On 20 May 1992 the TORBIH, PL, and other militias and the Bosnian-Croat HVO and HOS were officially united as Armed Forces of the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina (Oruzane Snage Republike Bosne i Hercegovine). On 23 May Colonel Efendić was replaced as commander by Sefer Halilović.
Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
on 20 May 1992 the TORBIH was renamed Armija Republike Bosne i Hercegovine (Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina) - ARBIH, usually abbreviated ABIH. In November 1993, Sefer Halilovic was replaced as commander of ABIH by Rasim Delic.
Organization 1992-1994
The ABIH, now around 80,000 strong was reorganized on 18 August 1992 into a more converntional structure. Initially four corps were created: 1st Corps(Sarajevo); 2nd Corps (Tuzla) in northern Bosnia; 3rd Corps (Zenica) and 4th Corps(Mostar) in Hercegovina; the Eastern Bosnian Operational Group in the eastern enclaves of Gorazde.5th Corps (Bihac) was established on 21 October 1992 from the Una-Sana Operational Group to defend the North-Western Bosnian enclave.The 7th Corps (Travnik) was established on 7 april 1994 with brigades from the 3rd Corps to advance north-westward through southern Bosnia.The 6th Corps (Konjic) was formed in June 1993 from the 4th Corps Northern Herzegovina Operational Group, to occupy northern Hercegovina from the HVO and eventually reach the Adriatic coast.
Each corps controlled a number of brigades, independent battalions and companies. Brigades were designed as infantry , mountain, motorized or light and given new three digit numbers, the first number indicating the corps. The larger corps (1st, 2nd and 3rd) comprised 15 Operationa Groups, each with 3-7 brigades. From august 1992 to December 1994 about 105 brigades were fromed or reformed in the 1-527 series: 48 infantry or undesigned, 41 moutnain, 10 motorized and 6 light, but not all brigades existed at the same time.There were also single commando and reconnaissance, Military Police battalions and artillery brigades: the various independent units included the Delta SF Unit, four commando detachments, six Corps HQ MP battalions, a mixed artillery battalion and an independent armoured company. Eight Bosnian-Croat HVO units were incorporated into the ABIH. “Crni Labudovi” (“Black Swans”) was a PL unit formed in April 1992 from refugees in Konjic under the 4th Corps(later 1st Corps), they eventually numbered 800 men and also earned a reputatiaon for battlefield bravery.
Some PL units after the absorption by the TORBIH still operated independently. PL personnel wore "Green Berets" as did many ABIH units. The ABIH assigned 15 mixed aircrafts to corps HQs to suply 5th corps in Bihac and 2nd corps in the Gorazde, Srebrenica and Zepa area. The Bosnian Police (Policija Republike Bosne i Hercegovine) were formed in 1992 from districts under Bosnian control and there was a Bosnian Special Police Unit (specijalna jedinica).There were no naval forces
Organization 1995
In January 1995 the ABIH now expanded to 150,000-200,000 reorganized. The Operational Groups in the 1st,2nd,3rd and 7th Corps were redesigned as divisions, each division comprising 3-6 brigades, but the 4th and 5th Corps kept their brigades and structure. It was a much improved fighting force.
Commanders
April 1992-May 1992
TORBIH GHQ, Sarajevo
• Colonel Hasan Efendić (Commander of the TO)
• Colonel Stjepan Šiber (Chief of Staff)
• Colonel Jovan Divjak (Deputy chief of Staff)
May 1992-November 1993
ARBIH GHQ, Sarajevo
• Alija Izetbegovic (Commander-in-chief of the ARBIH)
• General Sefer Halilovic (Commander of Main Staff of the Bosnian Army; Commander of ARBIH)
• General Stjepan Šiber (Deputy Commander of Main Staff of the Bosnian Army)
• General Jovan Divjak (Chief of Staff)
November 1993-December 1995
ARBIH GHQ, Sarajevo
• Alija Izetbegovic (Commander-in-chief of the ARBIH)
• General Rasim Delic (Commander of Main Staff of the Bosnian Army; Commander of ARBIH
• General Sefer Halilovic (Deputy Commander of Main Staff of the Bosnian Army)
• General Stjepan Šiber (Chief of Staff)
• General Jovan Divjak (Chief of Staff)
Corps and Generals
The army was divided into Corps, each stationed in a particular territory. In 1993, most brigades were renamed as Mountain troops given that the lack of heavy weapons made it organizationally pointless to list them as infantry or motorized. In addition, Bosnian terrain favored light infantry over armored and mechanized formations.
Corps
• 1st Corps: Sarajevo (HQ), Goražde
• 2nd Corps: Tuzla (HQ), Doboj, Bijeljina, Srebrenica, Žepa, Zvornik
• 3rd Corps: Zenica (HQ), Tešanj, Gornji Vakuf, Vitez, Visoko and Lašva Valley
• 4th Corps: Mainly Mostar (HQ) but also consisting of Livno, Tomislavgrad and Trebinje
• 5th Corps: Bihać (HQ), Bužim, and Bosanska Krajina
• 6th Corps: Konjic (HQ)
• 7th Corps: Jajce and Travnik (HQ)
Generals
• Alija Izetbegović (The Supreme Commander of the Bosnian Armed Forces)
• Hasan Efendić (First commander of the Bosnian Forces TO)
• Sefer Halilović (Commander of Main Staff of the Bosnian Army 1992-1993)
• Rasim Delić (Commander of Main Staff of the Bosnian army 1993-1995)
• Jovan Divjak (deputy of the ARBIH commander 1992-1995)
• Stjepan Šiber (deputy of the ARBIH commander 1992-1995)
Corps commanders
• Mustafa Hajrulahović Talijan (first commander of the 1st Corps)
• Vahid Karavelić (second commander of the 1st Corps)
• Nedžad Ajnadžić(third commander of the 1st Corps)
• Željko Knez (first commander of the 2nd Corps)
• Hazim Šadić (second commander of the 2nd Corps)
• Sead Delić (third commander of the 2nd Corps)
• Enver Hadžihasanović (first commander of the 3rd Corps)
• Mehmed Alagić (second commander of the 3rd Corps, first commander of the 7th corps)
• Kadir Jusić (third commander of the 3rd Corps)
• Sakib Mahmuljin (fourth commander of the 3rd Corps)
• Arif Pašalić (first commander of the 4th Corps)
• Sulejman Budaković "Tetak" (second commander of the 4th Corps)
• Ramiz Dreković (first commander of the 5th Corps, third commander of the 4th corps)
• Atif Dudaković (second commander of the 5th Corps)
• Salko Gušić (first commander of the 6th Corps)
• Galib Hodžić (second commander of the 6th Corps)
• Blaž Kraljević (Commander of HOS and member of the Bosnian Army Chiefs of Staff)
Bosnian War
1992
In 1992, 70% of Bosnia was under JNA (Yugoslav People's Army), and then later VRS (Bosnian Serb Army), control. Sarajevo was under siege. The ARBiH had defended Sarajevo with light weaponry. The army was surrounded and the transfer of supplies was hard, if not impossible.
1993
1993 saw no major changes in the front lines against Serbs. Instead, this year marked the start of the Croat-Bosniak war in Central Bosnia and in Herzegovina, notably the Mostar region. Pressured and contained by heavily armed Serb forces in Bosnia-Hercegovina and Croatia, Croat forces - HVO (Croatian Defence Council) shifted their focus from defending their parts of Bosnia from Serbs to trying to capture remaining territory held by Bosnian Army. It is widely believed that this was due to the Karađorđevo agreement reached between presidents Slobodan Miloševi and Franjo Tuđman to split Bosnia between Croatia and Serbia. In order to accomplish this Croatian forces would have to defeat the Bosnian Army, since the territory that they wanted was under Bosnian government control. HVO with great engagement from the Military of Republic of Croatia and material support from Serbs, attacked Bosniak civilian population in Herzegovina and in central Bosnia starting an ethnic cleansing of Bosniak populated territories (e.g. Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing). Vastly underequipped Bosnian forces, fighting on two fronts, were able to repel Croats and gain territory against them on every front. At this time, due to its geographic position, Bosnia was surrounded by Croat and Serb forces from all sides. There was no way to Import weapons or food. What saved Bosnia at this time was its vast Industrial complex (Steel and Heavy Industries) that was able to switch to military hardware production. After a short but bloody war and once Croats realized that their partnership with Serbs will not bring them any territorial gains they agreed to the US leadership's "Washington treaty" peace agreement. From that point on, Croat and Bosnian government forces continued to fight as allies against Serbs.
1994
A renewed alliance between HVO and ARBiH was agreed, with the objective of forming a strong force that could fight the much stronger and better equipped VRS. This was the time of frequent peace negotiations.
1995
Despite the loss of several enclaves, notably Srebrenica, 1995 was marked by HVO and ARBiH offensives and later by NATO intervention. The Croatian army, with cooperation from ARBiH and HVO, launched a series of operations: Flash, Summer '95, Storm and Mistral. In conjunction, Bosnian forces launched operations Sana and Una '95. Bosnian and Croat armies were on the offensive in this phase, captured entire western Bosnia, and the Serb capital Banja Luka was seriously threatened, until peace negotiations stopped further bloodshed.
In the period of August-December 1995, Serb forces were defeated and driven out of the majority of Croatia and western Bosnia, and the ethnic Serb population fled from these parts.
Following the second Markale massacre, NATO intervention was launched, which destroyed much of the VRS infrastructure in just a few days (Operation Deliberate Force). The war ended with the signing of the Dayton Accord.
Equipment
In 1995 the ABIh had abour 40 tanks, 30 APCs and small arms for about only 50,000 men.
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